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PTPN2 Protein
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 2 (TCPTP)
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (also known as PTPN2 and TCPTP) is a protein that is involved in cell signaling in the immune system. It negatively regulates signaling pathways like hematopoiesis, inflammatory response, cell proliferation and differentiation, and glucose homeostasis.
The PTPN2 protein's involvement in the immune response, most notably T-Cell receptor signaling (pictured at right) and the inflammatory response, is necessary for proper immune function. When this protein does not function correctly an impaired immune response occurs which is found in Crohn's Disease. PTPN2 dysfunction leads to improper T-Cell receptor signaling and increased inflammation in the gut.
The PTPN2 protein's involvement in the immune response, most notably T-Cell receptor signaling (pictured at right) and the inflammatory response, is necessary for proper immune function. When this protein does not function correctly an impaired immune response occurs which is found in Crohn's Disease. PTPN2 dysfunction leads to improper T-Cell receptor signaling and increased inflammation in the gut.
Protein Isoforms of PTPN2 and It's Relationship with Crohn's Disease
What is an isoform?
An isoform is a variation in the amino acid sequence of two or more similarly functioning proteins. These can be created by alternative splicing events of the mRNA transcript.
How are isoform levels related to Crohn's Disease?
The PTPN2 gene has three different isoform proteins that are a result of alternative splicing. Varying expression levels of the two major isoforms (TC45 and TC48.5) in different tissues have been related to disease severity. Additionally, there is evidence that people with Crohn's Disease have different levels of the two isoforms in their tissues [1].
Little is known about how the expression levels of these two isoforms relate to disease onset, but further investigation could potentially lead to new treatment and repression of Crohn's Disease symptoms.
Little is known about how the expression levels of these two isoforms relate to disease onset, but further investigation could potentially lead to new treatment and repression of Crohn's Disease symptoms.
What could be causing the different levels of the two isoforms?
Variants in the mRNA transcripts have been linked to susceptibility for Crohn's Disease. These variants in the transcript can cause the alternative splicing event that leads to disrupted expression levels of the isoform.
Rs1893217 and rs2542151 are variants found in the mRNA. Rs1893217 is located in the intronic region between exon 7 and 8 and rs2542151 is located 5.5 kilobase pairs downstream of the 3' transcript's end (1).
Rs1893217 and rs2542151 are variants found in the mRNA. Rs1893217 is located in the intronic region between exon 7 and 8 and rs2542151 is located 5.5 kilobase pairs downstream of the 3' transcript's end (1).
References
- Bussiéres-Marmen, Hutchins, Schirbel, et. al. Characterization of PTPN2 and its use as a biomarker. Science Direct 2014. V. 65 (2) pp. 239-246.
Specifications of PTPN2:
Accession #: NM_002828.3
Chromosome 18
Protein Accession #: NP_002819.2
FASTA
Accession #: NM_002828.3
Chromosome 18
Protein Accession #: NP_002819.2
FASTA